The Basics
Radical prostatectomy is a surgery that removes the male prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and surrounding tissue. Some lymph nodes, which are immune structures located throughout the body, may also be removed.
It is done to treat prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate gland. The ultimate goal is to remove all cancer cells and prevent cancer from spreading to other body parts.
Your doctor may also recommend this surgery for you if you have benign prostatic hyperplasia, a condition that causes the prostate gland to enlarge.
Risks and precautions
In general, surgery and the use of anesthesia come with some risks that are associated with factors like your health condition and what the surgery involves. Side effects are very rare but can include trouble breathing, reactions to the anesthetic, bleeding, infection, scarring, and death.
A prostatectomy is usually a safe procedure. However, there are some risks of complications or side effects, including:
- trouble controlling urine output that usually improves after surgery, but may take up to one year to completely resolve
- erectile difficulties that may be temporary or permanent
- damage to structures around the prostate gland (e.g., bladder)
- infertility
- trouble with bowel control
Talk to your doctor if you are worried about any of the symptoms or side effects you experience after this procedure. It is important that you understand all the risks of complications and side effects of the procedure, and what you or your doctor can do to avoid them. Make sure that your doctor is aware of all your concerns.
Some people may experience complications or side effects other than those listed. Check with your doctor if you notice any symptom that worries you after your prostatectomy.
Before the test
It is important that you fully understand what a prostatectomy involves beforehand. Ask your doctor to explain the risks, benefits, and drawbacks of a prostatectomy, and don't be shy to probe further until you are comfortable with your doctor's responses.
To prepare for the procedure, you may have to undergo several tests such as an X-ray or blood test. Your doctor may ask you to drink a laxative that will clear your bowels before the procedure. You may not be able to eat or drink before the procedure; follow the timing that your doctor recommended. In general, people are advised to not eat for 8 hours before the procedure; however, you may be able to continue to drink clear liquids until 2 hours before the procedure.
If you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter (non-prescription) medications, supplements, or herbal products, make sure you inform your doctor or pharmacist. Ask them whether it is necessary for you to stop taking any of these medications and products before the procedure. It is also important to tell them if you have any allergies (e.g., medications, latex, bandages) or have certain medical conditions.
Plan to have someone drive you home from the hospital.